ADDIE Model: Analysis

THE ADDIE MODEL: ANALYSIS

The first phase of the ADDIE model is the analysis phase. This phase focuses on pre-planning a project or training by identifying performance gaps that may hinder progress. It involves understanding the target audience, gathering information, and setting clear objectives. Instructional designers use this phase to determine the goals that must be achieved by answering critical questions.


The fundamental questions of who, what, when, where, why, and how help designers identify gaps or issues that need to be addressed. These questions are linked to learner characteristics, performance gaps, learning objectives, and assessment strategies and tools.

Sample questions may include:

- Who is your target audience?
- What goals are you trying to achieve?
- When will the training be conducted?
- Where will the training take place?
- Why are we designing this project?
- How is information gathered?

Once the designer answers these key questions successfully, they can develop a plan to design in phase two: Design.

Real World Example

When we think of the ADDIE model, we typically associate it with instructional designers who use it to create courses or training programs; however, the ADDIE model can also be applied in everyday life. Let's explore this further.

Suppose you are an excellent baker. You have a few friends who have never baked before, and you have the idea to teach them how to bake cookies from scratch.
      • Target Audience: Your friends  
      • Performance Gap: Lack of knowledge on how to bake cookies from scratch.  
      • Gather Information: Assess your friends' baking knowledge and skills, and identify what they need to learn to bake cookies.  
        • Questions to ask:  
          • What are your friends' cooking skills?  
          • When will you train your friends to bake cookies?  
          • Where will the lesson take place? Will it be more than one session?  
          • Why is it important to teach them how to bake?  
          • How will you measure their understanding of baking cookies?  
      • Learning Goal: You decide that your group of friends will learn to follow the recipe step-by-step using a hands-on approach to baking cookies.

Summary

The "A" in the ADDIE model stands for phase one: Analysis. Analysis, by definition, means examining and understanding something in greater depth. It is a necessary step that cannot be skipped when creating training or learning content. This phase aims to identify the designer or developer's target audience, determine performance gaps and resources to be used, and set clear learning objectives. Key questions to address during the analysis phase include who, what, when, where, why, and how. By answering these types of questions, the designer can determine what is needed to achieve the goal.


References
Branch, R. M., & Fenn, R. (2009). Instructional Design: The ADDIE Approach (1st ed. 2009.). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09506-6
Nicholas, J., Walsh, S., Yaylaci, M. ADDIE Explained: Analysis. An Open Educational Resource for The Educational Technology Community.
Peterson, C. (2003). Bringing ADDIE to Life: Instructional Design at Its Best. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 12(3), 227-241. Norfolk, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).  from .
Quigley,E. ADDIE: 5 Steps To Effective Training  from https://www.learnupon.com/blog/addie-5-steps/

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