The ADDIE Model: Design

The ADDIE Model: Design

The ADDIE model consists of five phases: 1. Analysis 2. Design 3. Development 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation. Once a designer collects their data, identifies the problem of the preference gap, determines their target audience, and sets clear objectives, all of which are part of the analysis phase of the ADDIE model, it is time to move on to the project's design phase. Check out last week's blog post to learn more about the analysis phase. 

In today's blog post, we will focus on the second phase of the ADDIE model, the Design phase. As the name suggests, this phase is intended to outline the plan systematically and specifically for the project. By the end of the phase, the instructional designer will create an instructional guide, address the course format, and determine the assessment type. Let's take a closer look! 


Course Format

One crucial decision an instructional designer must make during the design phase is how to deliver the project effectively. Considerations include whether the project will be implemented in a workplace setting, in person, virtually from home, or as a self-guided training module. Additionally, offering multiple delivery options—such as both in-person and virtual formats—can enhance learners' accessibility. 

It is also vital for the designer to determine if the project specifications have been defined by the company they are collaborating with. Understanding the target audience and their geographical location is essential, as this knowledge will guide the designer in selecting the most suitable course format for the project.

Instructional Strategy 

During this phase, the designer defines clear and measurable learning objectives for the course or training based on the learner's needs from the analysis phase. The learning objectives aim to inform the trainer about what they will be teaching and to let participants know what is expected by the end of the course or training. In the objectives, the designer specifies what the learner should know or do by the end, uses action verbs such as those from Bloom's taxonomy, ensures measurability, and employs simple language.


In addition to objectives, it is also necessary to determine instructional methods and activities, including
Content Presentation: Lectures, videos, or written materials that convey key information succinctly, supplemented by real-world examples to enhance understanding.
Learner Participation: Interactive sessions where participants engage in discussions, share experiences, or collaborate on projects. It's also beneficial to incorporate practice opportunities followed by constructive feedback.
Assessment Tools: Decide how to gather assessment data. Will you use formative or summative assessment? Consider options such as pre-assessments or checks for understanding during the course.

Assessment Design

As part of the instructional strategy, assessments can take various forms—quizzes, projects, or exams aimed at gauging learner understanding both during the course and at the end. Determine the assessment format based on your audience's needs. Ensure that assessments are clearly written and free of ambiguity to effectively measure learner comprehension while providing feedback on improving the project or training.

Summary
The design phase of the ADDIE model is the second step in instructional design, where the designer creates a comprehensive project plan for the course. This involves selecting instructional strategies that align with learning objectives and designing assessment tools to measure outcomes, ensuring a practical educational experience tailored to learner needs.



References: 
Brancgm R. (2009) Instructional Design: The ADDIE Approach. Springer US.
Krathwohl, D., Anderson L. ( 2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Longman.
Piskurich, G. M. (2015). Rapid Instructional Design: Learning ID Fast and Right. Wiley.
Treser.M( 2021). Getting To Know ADDIE: Part 2-Design.eLearning Industry. https://elearningindustry.com/getting-to-know-addie-design





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